'Noun phrase complexity, syntactic weight, and related notions take center stage in the empirical literature on grammatical variation. Berlage's systematic and comprehensive study is required reading for all those who are in the business of measuring and interpreting these things.' Benedikt Szmrecsanyi, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven
1. Introduction; 2. The variationist framework; 3. Methodology I: defining the syntactic complexity of NPs; 4. Methodology II: modes of data presentation, statistical procedures and electronic corpora; 5. Optional verb phrases in topic-restricting as far as constructions; 6. Word order variation involving the collocations take prisoner, hold prisoner and take hostage, hold hostage; 7. Word-order variation involving pre- and postposed notwithstanding; 8. Infinitival variation following help; 9. NP-complexity and change; 10. Conclusion and future directions.