Neuronal Plasticity: Building a Bridge from the Laboratory to the Clinic

ISBN-13: 9783642641725 / Angielski / Miękka / 2013 / 191 str.

Jordan Grafman

Opis

Over the last twenty years there has been an explosive growth in our understanding of the molecular, cellular, and anatomical changes that occur in the days and weeks following brain injury. It is now clear that training and exposure to certain environments can modify and shape neuronal plasticity in lower animals and humans. In humans, in particular, there are new ways of charting neuronal plasticity at the ensemble or regional level using functional neuroimaging techniques such as positron emission tomography and functional magnetic resonance imaging. Thus, the time seems right for transporting the laboratory results to the clinic so that experimental findings can be tested in the field. This volume provides some impetus to moving the field of cognitive neuroscience a little further in its efforts to improve the lives of patients who have suffered a debilitating brain injury.

Spis treści

Pathological Mutations of Nicotinic Receptors and Nicotine-Based Therapies for Brain Disorders.- Towards an Ecology of Cortical Organisation: Experience and the Changing Brain.- Pain and Neuroplasticity.- Auditory Cortical Plasticity and Sensory Substitution.- Functional Relevance of Cortical Plasticity.- “Anomalous” Representations and Perceptions: Implications for Human Neuroplasticity.- Neuroplasticity in the Adjustment to Blindness.- The Perception of Actions: Its Putative Effect on Neural Plasticity.- Evidence for Four Forms of Neuroplasticity.- Imaging Investigations of Human Brain Plasticity.- Connectionist Modeling of Relearning and Generalization in Acquired Dyslexic Patients.- Some Neurological Principles Relevant to the Origins of — and the Cortical Plasticity-Based Remediation of — Developmental Language Impairments.

Blurb

Neuronal Plasticity: Building a bridge from the laboratory to the clinic arrives at an opportune time in the history of the neurological sciences. Over the last twenty years there has been an explosive growth in our understanding of the molecular, cellular, and anatomical changes that occur in the days and weeks following brain injury. It is now clear that training and exposure to certain environments can modify and shape neuronal plasticity in lower animals and humans. In humans, in particular, there are new ways of charting neuronal plasticity at the ensemble or regional level using functional neuroimaging techniques such as positron emission tomography and functional magnetic resonance imaging. Transcranial magnetic stimulation is a technique that can be used to both chart and facilitate/inhibit neuronal plasticity and has been used with much recent success. The design of neuroplasticity experiments and the methods used to interpret findings have also become more sophisticated. Thus, the time seems right for transporting the laboratory results to the clinic so that experimental findings can be tested in the "field". In general, there has been a rather slow absorption of the experimental findings in rehabilitation medicine. This volume provides some impetus to moving the field of cognitive neuroscience a little further among in its efforts to improve the lives of patients who have suffered a debilitating brain injury.