Natural Fibers, Plastics and Composites

ISBN-13: 9781402076435 / Angielski / Twarda / 2003 / 370 str.

Frederick T. Wallenberger; Norman Weston; Frederick T. Wallenberger

Opis

2. NANOPARTICLES IN A POLYMERIC MATRIX 346 2. 1 Classical Methods to Prepare Nanocomposites 348 2. 2 Other Methods to Prepare Nanocomposite Materials 350 3. NANOCOMPOSITES WITH NATURAL POLYMERS 351 3. 1 Materials and Processes 352 3. 2 Nanocomposites for Bioplastic Applications 353 3. 2. 1 Clay Modification 354 3. 2. 2 Processing 354 3. 2. 3 Analysis 355 3. 2. 4 Manufacturing and Properties of Thin Films 355 3. 2. 5 Conclusions 357 4. BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS 358 4. 1 Chitosan as a Matrix for Biomedical Applications 358 4. 2 Chitosan-Clay Nanocomposites 359 4. 3 Nanocomposites Based on Hydroxyapatite 360 5. SUMMARY 362 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 363 REFERENCES 363 Index 365 Contributing Authors Author Affiliation Chapter P. Aldred Christian Doppler Laboratory, Dornbirn, Austria 9 A. Bockarie PhiladelphiaUniversity, School of Science & Health 5 T. Bunik Philadelphia University, School of Science & Health 5 S. 1. Eichhorn 16 Univ. of Manchester, Manchester Materials Sci. Ctr. D. Eichinger Lenzing AG, Austria, Marketing Department 9 E. Evazynajad PhiladelphiaUniv., School of Textiles & Mater. Tech. 5 S. Fischer Eindhoven Univ. of Technology, TNO Industrial Tech. 19 H. Firgo Lenzing AG, Research & Development Department 9 E. FroIIini Univ. ofSiio Paulo, Chemical Institure of Sao Carlos 12 T. Fujii Doshisha University, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering 17 B. R. George Philadelphia Univ., School of Textiles& Mater. Tech. 5 A. Guo Pittsburg State Univ., Kansas Polymer Research Ctr. 11 S. lavasundera U. S. Dept. of Agriculture, Agricultural Res.

Spis treści

Contributing Authors. Section I. Overview. 1: Science And Technology; F.T. Wallenberger, N.E. Weston. 1. Materials From Natural Sources. 2. Value-In-Use Of Natural Materials. 3. Overview Of Natural Materials. References. Section II. Natural Fibers: Properties And Applications. 2: Advanced Spider Silk Fibers By Biomimicry; J. Turner, C. Karatzas. 1. Introduction. 2. Spider Silk As A Biomaterial. 3. Spider Silk Genetics. 4. Silk Protein Production In Vitro. 5. Silk Protein Production Via Lactation. 6. Spider Silk Protein Characterization. 7. Spinning Silk Proteins Into Fibers. 8. Potential Uses For Spider Silk Fibers. Acknowledgement. References. 3: Engineering Properties Of Spider Silk Fibers; F.K. Ko. 1. Introduction. 2. Tensile Properties. 3. Transverse Compression Properties. 4. Torsional Properties. 5. Viscoelastic Properties. 6. A Constitutive Model For Spider Silk. 7. Summary And Observations. Acknowledgements. References. 4: Microcrystalline Avian Keratin Protein Fibers; W.F. Schmidt, S. Jayasundera. 1. Microcrystalline Structure. 2. Morphological Structure. 3. Feathers Into Fiber. 4. Fiber Into Fiber Composites. References. 5: Keratin Fiber Nonwovens For Erosion Control; B.R. George, A. Evazynajad, A. Bockarie, H. Mcbride, T. Bunik, A. Scutti. 1. Introduction. 2. Fibers And Nonwoven Fabrics. 3. Erosion Control. Acknowledgements. References. 6: Keratin Fiber Structures For Nanofiltration; M. Misra, P. Kar. 1. Introduction. 2. Characterization Of Avian Fibers. 3. Removal Of Metal Ions From Solutions. 4. Removal Of Uranium From Solutions. 5. Effect Of Fiber Surface Treatment. 6. Summary. References. 7: Alginate And Chitosan Fibers For Medical Uses; H. Struszczyk. 1. Introduction. 2. Experimental Details. 3. Chitosan And Alginate Fiber Evaluation. 4. Conclusions. Acknowledgments. References. 8: Natural Fibers With Low Moisture Sensitivity; G.T. Pott. 1. Introduction. 2. Characteristics Of Bast Fibers. 3. Swelling Of Bast Fibers. 4. Methods To Reduce Fiber Swell. 5. The Duralin® Process. 6. Duralin® Process - Molecular Aspects. 7. Duralin® Fibers And Duralin® Flax Shives. 8. Thermal Degradation Of Flax Fibers. 9. Summary And Conclusions. References. 9: Environmentally Friendly Lyocell Fibers; K.C. Schuster, C. Rohrer, D. Eichinger, J. Schmidtbauer, P. Aldred, H. Firgo. 1. Introduction. 2. Raw Materials And Pulping. 3. Viscose And Modal Fiber Process. 4. Lenzing Lyocell Fiber Process. 5. Environmental Awards To Lenzing. 6. Summary And Conclusions. Acknowledgements. References. Section III. Natural Plastics & Matrix Materials. 10: Plastics And Composites From Polylactic Acid; K.

O autorze

Dr. Wallenberger completed his undergraduate studies in Chemistry at the University in Graz, Austria (1954) and pursued graduate research at Fordham University in New York, where he received his M.S. degree (1956) in pilot process research and his Ph.D. in Organic Chemistry (1958) in the chemistry of polycyclic aromatic carbon precursors. He was an Instructor in Chemistry at Fordham (1957-58) and a Research Fellow at Harvard (1958-59). He joined Du Pont Fibers, Pioneering Research Laboratory, in 1959, where he studied, for more than three decades, the relationships between structures, properties and value-in-use of new materials, and contributed to the commercialization of new fibers, polymers and composites through intrapreneurial research, project management and technology transfer. Dr. Wallenberger retired from DuPont in 1992, became a Research Professor (Materials Science) at the University of Illinois in Urbana-Champaign in 1992, a Visiting Professor (Textiles) at the University of California in Davis in 1994. He joined PPG in Pittsburgh as Staff Scientist in 1995.
Among many professional honors, Dr. Wallenberger received the Environmental Respect Award from Du Pont. He is a Fellow of the American Ceramic Society, and a member of the American Chemical Society, the Material Research Society, and the Association of Harvard Chemists.