Mushrooms: Cultivation, Nutritional Value, Medicinal Effect, and Environmental Impact

ISBN-13: 9780849310430 / Angielski / Twarda / 2004 / 480 str.

S. T. Chang; Phillip G. Miles

Opis

This thorough revision presents the latest cultivation and biotechnological advances that contribute to the modernization of mushroom farming and the mushroom industry. It presents the individual steps of the complex mushroom cultivation process, not only the how but also the why is explored. Professionals/scientists in related fields will obtain a much greater knowledge of the nutritional and medicinal benefits that mushrooms have to offer. This interdisciplinary approach will appeal to a wide range of related fields with its complete coverage of breeding, efficient cultivation practices, nutritional value, and medicinal/pharmaceutical utility.

Recenzje

"Since the publication of the first edition of this book, important developments in biotechnology and mushroom production made a new, revised version necessary. … [This book] forms a comprehensive and up-to-date source of information for all interested in edible and medicinal mushrooms and their cultivation."
- Peroonia, 2004

"The name 'S.-T. Chang' is almost synonymous with the cultivation and use of mushrooms…the personal practical experience, depth of knowledge, and enthusiasms of the authors shine in these chapters, which are to me the heart of the book…this new edition of the essential reference work mycologists involved in mushroom cultivation turn to will surely also play a role in helping promote mushroom cultivation and use."
-Mycological Research, February 2005

"If you are a mushroom enthusiast, you must have this complex book. It would also serve admirably as part of a graduate level mycology course."
- Matthew W. Bernart, Rogue Community College, Oregon in the Journal of Natural Products, 2005, Volume 68

"To my knowledge, no past or current book comes closes to covering all the subjects considered in this book…
- Solomon P. Wasser, in International Journal of Medicinal Mushrooms, Volume 6

"...The book is richly illustrated with more than 100 original photographs and figures. The book contains about 800 terms in the glossary, which is very useful, especially for amateurs and beginning scientists…"

"...This latest edition has been expanded by more than 60%. ...The new book contains 22 chapters…

"... Well-written and thorough.... I would strongly recommend this new edition of mushrooms without hesitation to industrial and medicinal mycologists, mushroom growers, botanists, plant pathologists, and professionals and scientists in related fields…. I will use this book extensively, both in teaching mycology to university students and in experimental work in my laboratory."

"The value of this book cannot be overestimated. ... This book is a real encyclopedia of mushroom biology including cultivation, nutritional value, medicinal value, and environmental impact."
- Solomon P. Wasser, in International Journal of Medicinal Mushrooms, Volume 6


e book is richly illustrated with more than 100 original photographs and figures. The book contains about 800 terms in the glossary, which is very useful, especially for amateurs and beginning scientists…"

"...This latest edition has been expanded by more than 60%. ...The new book contains 22 chapters…

"... Well-written and thorough.... I would strongly recommend this new edition of mushrooms without hesitation to industrial and medicinal mycologists, mushroom growers, botanists, plant pathologists, and professionals and scientists in related fields…. I will use this book extensively, both in teaching mycology to university students and in experimental work in my laboratory."

"The value of this book cannot be overestimated. ... This book is a real encyclopedia of mushroom biology including cultivation, nutritional value, medicinal value, and environmental impact."
- Solomon P. Wasser, in International Journal of Medicinal Mushrooms, Volume 6

Spis treści

OVERVIEWINTRODUCTIONWHAT ARE MUSHROOMS?DefinitionCharacteristics of MushroomsCategories of MushroomsPoisonous MushroomsMAGNITUDE OF MUSHROOM SPECIESECOLOGICAL IMPORTANCE OF MUSHROOMS AND FUNGI IN GENERALCOLLECTION AND CLASSIFICATION OF MUSHROOMSField CollectionPreserving the CollectionPrecautions in the Use of KeysJUSTIFICATION FOR THE TERM "MUSHROOM BIOLOGY"IMPACT OF MUSHROOM BIOLOGY ON HUMAN WELFAREMUSHROOM SCIENCEDefinitionContributing Fields Mushroom Cultivation TechnologyDevelopment of Mushroom ScienceMushroom BiotechnologyNongreen RevolutionReferencesTHE NUTRITIONAL ATTRIBUTES OF EDIBLE MUSHROOMSINTRODUCTIONNUTRITIONAL ATTRIBUTESProteinEssential Amino AcidsFatVitaminsCarbohydrates and FiberMineralsNucleic AcidsGeneral ConsiderationsREFERENCESMEDICINAL VALUESINTRODUCTIONMEDICINAL MUSHROOMSMEDICINAL EFFECTS OF THESE MUSHROOMSHematologicalAntiviralAntitumorAntioxidant ActivityCardiovascular and RenalCarcinogenicity of MushroomsAllergic Reaction to SporesGeneral ConsiderationsREFERENCESOVERVIEW OF THE BIOLOGY OF THE FUNGIINTRODUCTIONTHE FUNGIDistinguishing CharacteristicsHabitatsRole in NatureClassificationVEGETATIVE STRUCTURE OF FUNGIHyphaeOrganellesSeptal StructuresSecondary Mycelium of BasidiomycetesCell WallsUnicellular FungiGROWTHGrowth Kinetics of Unicellular FungiFilamentous FungiSPECIALIZED VEGETATIVE STRUCTURESSPECIALIZED REPRODUCTIVE STRUCTURESSexualNon-sexualREQUIREMENTS FOR GROWTHNutritional RequirementsPhysical RequirementsTransport and TranslocationMETABOLISMCarbonNitrogenLipidsREPRODUCTIONIntroductionSexualNon-sexualSpore GerminationRELATIONSHIP OF FUNGI WITH OTHER ORGANISMS - SYMBIOSESParasitismMutualismSaprophytismCHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF FUNGIProximate Composition of Fungal CellsEdible MushroomsREFERENCESSUBSTRATE AND MYCELIAL GROWTHINTRODUCTIONGENERAL NUTRITIONAL REQUIREMENTS FOR MUSHROOM GROWTHPREPARATION OF SUBSTRATECompostingMicroorganisms Involved During CompostingBREAKDOWN OF SUBSTRATES BY EXTRACELLULAR ENZYMES OF MUSHROOM MYCELIUMGENETIC IMPROVEMENT OF MUSHROOM CULTURE IN REGARD TO SUBSTRATE UTILIZATION BY INCREASED PRODUCTION OF EXTRACELLULAR ENZYMESREFERENCESSEXUALITY AND THE GENETICS OF BASIDIOMYCETESDISCOVERY OF SEXUALITY BY KNIEP AND BENSAUDETetrapolarityClamp Connection FormationOTHER EARLY FINDINGS IN SEXUALITY IN BASIDIOMYCETESResults of Tetrad Analysis"Geographical Races"BipolarityIllegitimate Matings"Buller Phenomenon" (=Di-Mon Mating)REACTIONS OTHER THAN THOSE FORMING DIKARYONGENETICS OF THE MATING TYPE LOCI AND SEXUAL MORPHOGENESIS IN SCHIZOPHYLLUM COMMUNESchizophyllum communeThe A Locus of S. communeThe Two-Locus Mating Type Factor Occurs ElsewhereFindings from Molecular Genetic StudiesSexual MorphogenesisGENETICS OF FUNGIInduction of MutantsIsolation of MutantsCharacterization of MutantsUtilization of Methods of Molecular Biology in Genetic Studies of FungiREFERENCESMUSHROOM FORMATION: EFFECTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL, NUTRITIONAL, AND CHEMICAL FACTORSINTRODUCTIONDEVELOPMENT OF FRUITING BODIESRole of Fruiting BodiesVariation in Fruiting Body StructurePrimordium FunctionPrimordium DevelopmentTypes of Hyphae in Fruiting BodiesGrowth of AgaricusENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS AND FRUITINGHydrogen Ion Concentration (pH)TemperatureAerationLightGravityNUTRITIONAL FACTORS AND FRUITINGConcentration of NutrientsNature of CarbohydrateNitrogenMineral NutritionVitaminsCHEMICAL FACTORS AND FRUITINGMelanin Production and Perithecial Development in PodosporaMorphogenesis in Schizophyllum communeEffect of Cyclic AMPSUMMARYREFERENCESMUSHROOM FORMATION: EFFECTS OF GENETIC FACTORS; BREEDINGINTRODUCTIONGENETIC FACTORS FOR FRUITING IMPOSED UPON THE MATING TYPE REQUIREMENTSSchizophyllum communeLentinulaGENETICS OF FRUITING OF POLYPORUS CILIATUSNo Subunits of Incompatibility FactorsGenetic Control of Monokaryotic FruitingMONOKARYOTIC FRUITINGSpecies in Which Monokaryotic Fruiting Has Been ReportedInductionRelationship with Dikaryotic FruitingPotential in Mushroom CultivationBREEDING FOR DESIRED MUSHROOM FEATURESExtension of Temperature RangeUtilization of substratesSporeless Fruiting Bodies General Techniques of Breeding For Strain ImprovementREFERENCESMUSHROOM FORMATION: EFFECTS OF PESTS AND DISEASES IN MUSHROOM CULTIVATIONINTRODUCTIONHistory of Mushroom Cultivation and DiseasesVIRAL DISEASESHistorySymptomsDiagnosisVirus morphologyEpidemiologyPatch DiseasesBACTERIAL DISEASESIntroduction and Various Mushroom Diseases Caused by BacteriaManagement For Control of Burkholderia gladioli pv agaricicolaFUNGAL DISEASESIntroductionMycoparasitesCompetitor Weed FungiNEMATODE DISEASESTypes of NematodesINSECT DISEASESIntroductionInsects That Serve As Agents of Diseases in Mushroom HousesACTIVITY OF MITES IN MUSHROOM CULTIVATIONGenera Found During Mushroom CultivationEconomic ImportanceREFERENCESCULTURE PRESERVATIONINTRODUCTIONOBJECTIVESMETHODSShort Term StorageLong Term StorageA Useful Technique in Genetic StudiesCONCLUSIONREFERENCESWORLD PRODUCTION OF EDIBLE MUSHROOMSINTRODUCTIONSPECIES CULTIVATED COMMERCIALLYAgaricus bisporusLentinula edodesVolvariella volvaceaFlammulina velutipesAuricularia spp.Pleurotus spp.Pholiota namekoTremella fuciformisRecently commercially Cultivated Mushroom SpeciesMycorrhizal Fungi - Tuber, TricholomaGENERAL KNOWLEDGE WHICH MUSHROOM GROWERS SHOULD POSSESSTRENDSProduction methods breaking the barriers of climate and geographyWorld production of mushroomsUtilization of various wastes as substrates Ten Key Guidelines for Mushroom FarmingCONCLUSIONSREFERENCESAGARICUS - THE LEADER IN PRODUCTION AND TECHNOLOGYINTRODUCTIONDEVELOPMENT IN THE INDUSTRYFranceGreat BritainThe NetherlandsThe United StatesItalyIrelandTaiwanSouth KoreaChinaGeneral RemarksCOMPOST MATERIALS AND COMPOSTINGCompost MaterialsAmount of Compost MaterialCompostingSPAWN AND SPAWNINGDefinitionPreparation of SpawnSpawningCASINGHARVESTINGREFERENCESLENTINULA - A MUSHROOMING MUSHROOMINTRODUCTIONEARLY HISTORY OF CULTIVATIONMAJOR DEVELOPMENTAL EVENTS OF CULTIVATIONGENERAL REVIEW OF PRODUCTION CULTIVATION IN WOOD LOGSPreparation of LogsPreparation of SpawnInoculation of Spawn into LogsLaying Logs for Mycelial RunningManagement of the Raising Yard for FruitingCroppingCULTIVATION IN POLYPROPYLENE BAGS ("BAG LOG" CULTIVATION)MaterialsInoculationIncubationFruitingProper Care of the Bag LogSPECIAL CULTIVATION PRACTICESTaiwanChinaFRUITING IN LIQUID MEDIAExperiments with LentinulaGeneralizationsDRYING AND STORAGEREFERENCESVOLVARIELLA - A HIGH TEMPERATURE CULTIVATED MUSHROOMINTRODUCTIONBIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICSMorphological CharacteristicsRequirements for Mycelial GrowthRequirements for fruiting body formationCULTIVATION METHODSProduction of SpawnMushroom ProductionHARVESTING AND PROCESSINGHarvestingProcessingSPECIAL CULTIVATION PRACTICERural Spawn Station in Ping-shan County, Hebei Province, ChinaTechnique of Cultivation of Straw Mushrooms in Green Poplar Village, Ping-shang County, Hebei Province, ChinaSOME SPECIAL METHODS AND THEIR RATIONALEThe Phenomenon of Early FruitingInsect Enemy of Straw Mushrooms - NematodesCoprinus - Fungal Competitor of VolvariellaREFERENCESFLAMMULINA AND PHOLIOTA LOW TEMPERATURE CULTIVATED MUSHROOMSINTRODUCTIONBIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF FLAMMULINAMorphologyNatural HistoryRequirements for Mycelial GrowthRequirements for Fruiting Body FormationBIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF PHOLIOTAMorphologyNatural HistoryRequirements for Mycelial GrowthRequirements for Fruiting Body FormationCULTIVATION METHODSFlammulinaPholiotaREFERENCES PLEUROTUS - A MUSHROOM OF BROAD ADAPTABILITYINTRODUCTION BIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICSMorphology of SporophoresSexualityRequirements for Mycelial GrowthRequirements for Fruiting Body FormationNUTRITIONAL VALUES AND MEDICINAL PROPERTIESNutritional ValuesMedicinal PropertiesCULTIVATION METHODSProduction of Spawn Production of MushroomsHARVESTING AND PROCESSINGSPECIAL CULTIVATION PRACTICEREFERENCESTREMELLA - INCREASED PRODUCTION BY A MIXED CULTURE TECHNIQUEINTRODUCTIONBIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICSMorphologyNatural HistoryRequirements for Mycelial GrowthRequirements for Fruiting Body FormationCULTIVATION METHODSWood Log CulturePlastic Bag CultureSPECIAL CULTIVATION PRACTICESCultivation on Cottonseed Hulls in Gutian County, Fujian Province, ChinaMixed Culture Cultivation of the "Golden Ear" MushroomHARVESTING AND PROCESSINGREFERENCESDICTYOPHORA - FORMERLY FOR THE FEWINTRODUCTIONBIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICSMorphologyNatural HistoryRequirements for Mycelial GrowthRequirements for Fu\ruiting Body FormationCULTIVATION METHODSCultivation in ForestsIndoor CultivationHARVESTING AND PROCESSINGHarvest Time and MethodRapid DryingGrading and PackagingREFERENCESGANODERMA LUCIDUM - A LEADER OF MEDICINAL MUSHROOMSINTRODUCTIONBIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICSTaxonomic CharacteristicsMorphological CharacteristicsGrowth ParametersCULTIVATION OF GANODERMA LUCIDUMTRADITIONAL USESBIOLOGICAL COMPOUNDSTriterpenes/TriterpenoidsPolysaccharideFungal Immunomodulatory Protein (Fip)SteroidsCONTEMPORARY USESPRODUCTS OF GANODERMA LUCIDUMMARKET VALUE OF GANODERMA LUCIDUM PRODUCTSA PROTOCOL FOR QUALITY MUSHROOM NUTRICEUTICALSCONCLUSIONREFERENCESAgaricua blazei and Grifola frondosa - Two Important Medicinal MushroomsINTRODUCTIONBIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF AGARICUS BLAZEIHistoryMorphologyRequirements for GrowthBIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF GRIFOLA FRONDOSAHistoryMorphologyRequirements for GrowthCULTIVATION METHODSAgaricus blazeiGrifola frondosaNUTRITIONAL CONTENT AND MEDICINAL PROPERTIESAgaricus blazeiGrifola frondosaREFERENCESOTHER CULTIVATED MUSHROOMS - THEIR NUMBER GROWSINTRODUCTIONAURICULARIAHERICIUMBRIEFLY MENTIONEDMycorrhizal MushroomsSpecies With Regional AppealREFERENCESTECHNOLOGY AND MUSHROOMSINTRODUCTIONMICROBIAL BIOTECHNOLOGYWhat is Biotechnology?Lignocellulose Degradation and UtilizationBIOTECHNOLOGY IN THE MUSHROOM INDUSTRYGeneral Review of Mushroom ProductionMajor Steps of Mushroom TechnologySOME FUNGAL GENETIC TECHNIQUES AND THEIR POSSIBLE APPLICATIONSProtoplast Fusion for Genetic ManipulationDi-Mon Matings and Sporeless MutantsBreeding for High-Temperature StrainsConservation of GermplasmPOTENTIAL USE OF MUSHROOM MYCELIUMSOME OBSERVATIONS AND CONSIDERATIONSMushroom CultivationCriteria for Study of Major Phases of CultivationProblems in Cultivation in Developing CountriesProspects for Mushroom Cultivation in Developing CountriesREFERENCES

O autorze

Philip G. Miles (The State Univeristy of New York, Buffalo, USA) (Author) , Shu-Ting Chang (Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin) (Author)