Mathematical Methods for Finance

ISBN-13: 9781118312636 / Angielski / Twarda / 2013 / 320 str.

Sergio M Focardi

Opis

The mathematical and statistical tools needed in the rapidly growing quantitative finance field With the rapid growth in quantitative finance, practitioners must achieve a high level of proficiency in math and statistics. Mathematical Methods and Statistical Tools for Finance, part of the Frank J. Fabozzi Series, has been created with this in mind. Designed to provide the tools needed to apply finance theory to real world financial markets, this book offers a wealth of insights and guidance in practical applications. It contains applications that are broader in scope from what is covered in a typical book on mathematical techniques. Most books focus almost exclusively on derivatives pricing, the applications in this book cover not only derivatives and asset pricing but also risk management--including credit risk management--and portfolio management.

• Includes an overview of the essential math and statistical skills required to succeed in quantitative finance
• Offers the basic mathematical concepts that apply to the field of quantitative finance, from sets and distances to functions and variables
• The book also includes information on calculus, matrix algebra, differential equations, stochastic integrals, and much more
• Written by Sergio Focardi, one of the world's leading authors in high-level finance

Drawing on the author's perspectives as a practitioner and academic, each chapter of this book offers a solid foundation in the mathematical tools and techniques need to succeed in today's dynamic world of finance.

Spis treści

Preface xi

About the Authors xvii

CHAPTER 1 Basic Concepts: Sets, Functions, and Variables 1

Introduction 2

Sets and Set Operations 2

Distances and Quantities 6

Functions 10

Variables 10

Key Points 11

CHAPTER 2 Differential Calculus 13

Introduction 14

Limits 15

Continuity 17

Total Variation 19

The Notion of Differentiation 19

Commonly Used Rules for Computing Derivatives 21

Higher–Order Derivatives 26

Taylor Series Expansion 34

Calculus in More Than One Variable 40

Key Points 41

CHAPTER 3 Integral Calculus 43

Introduction 44

Riemann Integrals 44

Lebesgue–Stieltjes Integrals 47

Indefinite and Improper Integrals 48

The Fundamental Theorem of Calculus 51

Integral Transforms 52

Calculus in More Than One Variable 57

Key Points 57

CHAPTER 4 Matrix Algebra 59

Introduction 60

Vectors and Matrices Defined 61

Square Matrices 63

Determinants 66

Systems of Linear Equations 68

Linear Independence and Rank 69

Hankel Matrix 70

Vector and Matrix Operations 72

Finance Application 78

Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors 81

Diagonalization and Similarity 82

Singular Value Decomposition 83

Key Points 83

CHAPTER 5 Probability: Basic Concepts 85

Introduction 86

Representing Uncertainty with Mathematics 87

Probability in a Nutshell 89

Outcomes and Events 91

Probability 92

Measure 93

Random Variables 93

Integrals 94

Distributions and Distribution Functions 96

Random Vectors 97

Stochastic Processes 100

Probabilistic Representation of Financial Markets 102

Information Structures 103

Filtration 104

Key Points 106

CHAPTER 6 Probability: Random Variables and Expectations 107

Introduction 109

Conditional Probability and Conditional Expectation 110

Moments and Correlation 112

Copula Functions 114

Sequences of Random Variables 116

Independent and Identically Distributed Sequences 117

Sum of Variables 118

Gaussian Variables 120

Appproximating the Tails of a Probability Distribution: Cornish–Fisher Expansion and Hermite Polynomials 123

The Regression Function 129

Fat Tails and Stable Laws 131

Key Points 144

CHAPTER 7 Optimization 147

Introduction 148

Maxima and Minima 149

Lagrange Multipliers 151

Numerical Algorithms 156

Calculus of Variations and Optimal Control Theory 161

Stochastic Programming 163

Application to Bond Portfolio: Liability–Funding Strategies 164

Key Points 178

CHAPTER 8 Difference Equations 181

Introduction 182

The Lag Operator L 183

Homogeneous Difference Equations 183

Recursive Calculation of Values of Difference Equations 192

Nonhomogeneous Difference Equations 195

Systems of Linear Difference Equations 201

Systems of Homogeneous Linear Difference Equations 202

Key Points 209

CHAPTER 9 Differential Equations 211

Introduction 212

Differential Equations Defined 213

Ordinary Differential Equations 213

Systems of Ordinary Differential Equations 216

Closed–Form Solutions of Ordinary Differential Equations 218

Numerical Solutions of Ordinary Differential Equations 222

Nonlinear Dynamics and Chaos 228

Partial Differential Equations 231

Key Points 237

CHAPTER 10 Stochastic Integrals 239

Introduction 240

The Intuition behind Stochastic Integrals 243

Brownian Motion Defined 248

Properties of Brownian Motion 254

Stochastic Integrals Defined 255

Some Properties of Ito Stochastic Integrals 259

Martingale Measures and the Girsanov Theorem 260

Key Points 266

CHAPTER 11 Stochastic Differential Equations 267

Introduction 268

The Intuition behind Stochastic Differential Equations 269

Ito Processes 272

Stochastic Differential Equations 273

Generalization to Several Dimensions 276

Solution of Stochastic Differential Equations 278

Derivation of Ito s Lemma 282

Derivation of the Black–Scholes Option Pricing Formula 284

Key Points 291

Index 293

O autorze

SERGIO M. FOCARDI, PhD, is a Visiting Professor in the College of Business at the State University of New York at Stony Brook and founding partner of the Paris–based consulting firm The Intertek Group. He is a member of the editorial board of the Journal of Portfolio Management. Focardi has authored numerous articles and books on financial modeling and risk management and three monographs for the Research Foundation of the CFA Institute.

FRANK J. FABOZZI, PhD, CFA, is Professor of Finance at EDHEC Business School and a member of the EDHEC–Risk Institute. Prior to joining EDHEC in August 2011, he held various professorial positions in finance at Yale University′s School of Management from 1994 to 2011 and was a visiting professor of finance and accounting at MIT′s Sloan School of Management from 1986 to 1992. He is also Editor of the Journal of Portfolio Management.

TURAN G. BALI, PhD, is the Robert S. Parker Chair Professor of Business Administration at the McDonough School of Business at Georgetown University. Before joining Georgetown, Professor Bali was the David Krell Chair Professor of Finance at Baruch College and the Graduate School and University Center of the City University of New York. He also held visiting faculty positions at New York University and Princeton University. Professor Bali has published more than fifty articles in economics and finance journals. He is currently an associate editor of the Journal of Banking and Finance, Journal of Futures Markets, Journal of Portfolio Management, and Journal of Risk.

Blurb

With the rapid growth of quantitative finance, practitioners and students alike must become more proficient in various areas of mathematics in order to excel in the demanding world of finance. Mathematical Methods for Finance, part of the Frank J. Fabozzi Series, has been created with this in mind. Designed to provide the tools and techniques needed to apply proven mathematical techniques to real–world financial markets, this book offers a wealth of insights and guidance.

Drawing on the authors′ perspectives as practitioners and academics, this practical guide covers a wide range of technical topics in mathematics and finance. It opens with an informative discussion of three basic concepts which are used in financial theory, financial modeling, and financial econometrics found throughout the book: sets, functions, and variables. From there, it introduces and explains key mathematical techniques, ranging from differential and integral calculus, matrix algebra, and probability theory to difference and differential equations, optimization, and stochastic integrals. Along the way, you′ll discover exactly how these techniques are successfully implemented in asset management and risk management.

Written with both students and practitioners in mind, Mathematical Methods for Finance is an essential resource that will show you how a better understanding of specific mathematical techniques can enhance your financial decision–making.