Interfacial Properties of Petroleum Products

ISBN-13: 9781420051001 / Angielski / Twarda / 2007 / 384 str.

Lilianna Pillon

Opis

With mounting pressure to extract petroleum from oil sands and other unconventional sources, oil refineries must adapt their processing methods to handle increasingly heavy crude oils. Unlike traditional crude oils, the properties of heavier crude oils include higher viscosity, metal, salt, and acid content. This causes their interfacial properties to deteriorate, leading to problems such as sedimentation, foaming, emulsification, rust, and corrosion all of which make the manufacture, transportation, and storage of petroleum products more difficult. Interfacial Properties of Petroleum Products examines conventional and non-conventional processing techniques for crude oils and documents their effects on the composition and properties of petroleum products at the oil/solid, oil/air, oil/water and oil/metal interfaces. Focusing on surface activity, the author examines the undesirable effects of processes such as solvent extraction, desalting, dewaxing, catalyst deactivation, and hydroprocessing as well as trace element and water contamination. With each process, the author presents methods for improving interfacial properties, including the use of surface-active additives, demulsifiers, antifoaming agents, and corrosion/rust inhibitors. A distinctive and up-to-date source of materials published together for the first time, Interfacial Properties of Petroleum Products will help engineers design more cost-effective and resource-efficient processing methods for heavier crude oils, based on the properties of the crude oil extracted."

Spis treści

CRUDE OILS
Stability
Variation in Composition
Solvency
Effect of Temperature
Interfacial Properties
Oil/Air Interface
Oil/Water Interface
Oil/Metal Interface
Desalting
Petroleum Sludge
Use of Surfactants
CONVENTIONAL REFINING
Petroleum Fractions
Atmospheric and Vacuum Distillation
Crude Oil Types
Lube Oil Base Stocks
Viscosity Index
Solvent Refining of Mineral Base Stocks
Residual Oils
Wax Products
Composition of Wax
Deoiling of Wax
Use of Petroleum Wax
Asphalts
NONCONVENTIONAL REFINING
Catalytic Processing
Use of Heavy Oils
Catalytic Cracking
Hydrodesulfurization
Hydroprocessing of Base Stocks
Thermal Cracking
Bitumen Upgrading
Catalyst Activity
ASPHALTENE STABILITY
Conventional Processing
Hydroprocessing
Thermal Cracking
Coking
 ‘‘True’’ Asphaltenes
Sediment Formation
Reactivity
Storage Stability
DAYLIGHT STABILITY
Effect of Hydroprocessing Severity on Solvency and Stability
Effect of Hydroprocessing Severity on UV Absorbance
Slack Wax Hydroisomerization Process
Use of Hydrofining
Use of Hydrorefining
CLAY TREATMENT
Fuel Stability
Thermal-Oxidation Stability of Jet Fuel
Clay Lifetime
JFTOT Failure
Copper Contamination
Clay Deactivation
Total Acid Number
Bromine Number
FOAM INHIBITION
Surface Activity of Antifoaming Agents
Foaming of Hydrofined Mineral Base Stocks
Effect of Hydroprocessing
High Temperature Applications
Lubricating Oils
Coking Process
AIR ENTRAINMENT
Conventional Refining
Nonconventional Refining
Effect of Antifoaming Agents
Use of Antifoaming Agent Blends
WATER CONTAMINATION
Spreading Coefficient of Clay Treated Jet Fuel on Water
Oil/Water Interfacial Tension of White Oils
Surface Activity of Demulsifiers
Aqueous Foams
RUST AND CORROSION
Effect of Distilled Water
Rust Inhibition
Corrosion Inhibition
Surface Activity of Rust and Corrosion Inhibitors
Effect of Rust and Corrosion Inhibitors on Emulsion Stability
ION-EXCHANGE RESIN TREATMENT
Use of Adsorbents
Basic Ion-Exchange Resin Treatment
Acidic Ion-Exchange Resin Treatment
Thermal Stability
Fischer–Tropsch Process
Index
*Provides References at the End of Each Chapter

O autorze

Lilianna Z. Pillon