Frontiers – Law, Theory and Cases

ISBN-13: 9783031136061 / Angielski / Twarda / 2023 / 250 str.

Dimitri Endrizzi; Jairo Becerra; Eduardo Andrés Perafán del Campo

Opis

This book focuses on current frontier-related issues such as humanitarian crises, economic crises, discrimination of migrants in certain countries, different typologies of borders such as land, maritime, air, space, and even cyberspace borders, and environmental protection of water resources at borders. It addresses legal and theoretical considerations and presents empirical cases showing the manifestations of the concept in the real world and its dynamics. Without claiming to exhaust the debate on frontiers, especially given the breadth of the subject and the large number of viewpoints from which the phenomenon can be examined, this book intends to be a helpful source of insights for academics, university students, and others who wish to explore the complex and multifaceted worlds that emerge, particularly in a globalized society, from the interaction between the various actors and scenarios that shape the reality of frontiers.

Spis treści

As an Introduction: The Term ‘Frontier’ and Kindred Concepts

Dimitri Endrizzi

 

Part I. Theory, Law & Cases

 

Chapter I. Frontier: Classical Conceptual Approaches

Rodolfo Cano Blandón

 

Abstract

Introduction

1.         General characterization of the concept

1.1.     Theoretical approaches

1.2.     Preliminary conclusions

2.         Frontier: An international comparison

2.1.     United States

2.2.     Europe

2.3.     Latin America

Conclusions                                                    

 

Chapter II. Maritime Territorialization and Governance: Geopolitical and Legal Issues Concerning Delimitation of Extended Continental Shelves in the Caribbean Sea and Arctic Ocean

Ekaterina Antsygina & Bernardo Pérez-Salazar

 

Abstract

Introduction

1.         A Brief Background: Sovereignty, Borders, and Maritime Territorialization

2.         International Politics and Legal Framework of the Law of the Sea

3.         The 1982 UNCLOS and the Role of the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf

4.         Territorialization of the Caribbean Sea

4.1.     Geopolitical context in the Caribbean

4.2.     Issues concerning Delimitation of Extended Continental Shelves in the Caribbean

5.         Territorialization of the Arctic Ocean

5.1.     Geopolitical context in the Arctic

5.2.     Issues concerning Delimitation of Extended Continental Shelves in the Arctic

Concluding remarks

 

Chapter III. Borders in Airspace and Outer Space

Jairo Becerra, Paula Pérez & Laura Duarte

 

Abstract

Introduction

1.         Airspace

1.1.     Inaccuracies in the Concept of Airspace

2.         Extra-Terrestrial or Space Law

3.         The Absence of Legal Delimitation of the Frontier between Air Space and Outer Space

Conclusions

 

Chapter IV. Cyberspace: A New Frontier

Eduardo Andrés Perafán Del Campo, Sebastián Polo Alvis & Marco Emilio Sánchez Acevedo

 

Abstract

Introduction

1.         Sovereignty, State, Technology, and Globalization: Marble is not Liquid

1.1.     State and Sovereignty

1.2.     Global Internet Governance: Limited Sovereignty?

1.3.     New Sovereignty: Surveillance and Control in Cyberspace

1.4.     Surveillance and Control over the Experience of the Cybernaut

2.         Colombian Cyberspace an Element to be protected to Guarantee National Security and Defense

2.1.     A Background on Cybersecurity in the European Community

2.2.     OAS Cyber Security: The Case of the Region

2.3.     Colombia's National Digital Security Policy - Critical Elements

2.3.1.  Structure and Development of the National Digital Security Policy

2.3.2.  Establishing an institutional framework for digital security consistent with a risk management approach

2.3.3.  Creating the conditions for multiple stakeholders to manage digital security risk in their socio-economic activities and generate confidence in the use of the digital environment

2.3.4.  Strengthening the security of individuals and the State in the digital environment, at a national and transnational level, with a risk management approach

2.3.5.  Strengthening national defense and sovereignty in the digital environment with a risk management approach

2.3.6.  Generating permanent and strategic mechanisms to promote cooperation, collaboration, and assistance in digital security, nationally and internationally

2.4.     Cyber Defense

Conclusions

 

Chapter V. International Watercourses: Between the Division and the Border Unit

Dayana Becerra                                                                                 

 

Abstract

Introduction

1.         Approach to the notion of an international watercourse

2.         International Law on International Watercourses

2.1.     The protection and utilization of transboundary watercourses and international lakes          

3.         Non-Navigational Uses and the United Nations

3.1.     International Watercourses and Vital Human Needs

3.2.     The Coming into Force of the Convention on the Law of Non-Navigational Uses of International Watercourses

3.3.     Inter-party agreements and the Convention on the Law of Non-Navigational Uses of International Watercourses

4.         Approach to the Legal Protection of Specific International Watercourses

4.1.     The case of the Senegal River

4.2.     The Case of the Nile River

4.3.     The case of the Rio Grande-Río Grande

4.4.     The Case of the Mekong River

4.5.     The Case of the Syr Darya River

5.         The Issue of the Human Right to Water before International Watercourses

Conclusions

 

Part II. Cases, Theory & Law

 

Chapter VI. Borders, Migration and Human Rights: Case of The United States and Mexico

Enrique Uribe Arzate & Flor de María Ávila Hernández

 

Abstract

Introduction

1.         Epistemological Basis of the Issue

2.         The State Today: Paradox and Course

3.         The Universal Citizenship and the Global Nationality of Human Rights

4.         The Vitality of Migration and the Porosity of Borders

Conclusions

 

Chapter VII. Schengen Area: Reflections On the European Border Crisis

Gloria Nancy Zambrano Ramón

 

Abstract

Introduction

1.         A safe space

1.1.     The Schengen Information System (SIS)

1.2.     The Visa Information System (VIS)

2.         Smart border

2.1.     The European Border and Coast Guard Agency (formerly, the Frontex agency with extended tasks)

3.         Joint operations of the european borders

3.1.     The joint triton operation

3.2.     The joint operation poseidon

4.         The immigration crisis

Conclusions

 

Chapter VIII. Land Border Relationship between Colombia and Venezuela: Vulnerability of Human Rights and Geopolitical Context

Flor María Ávila Hernández, Jaime Cubides Cárdenas & Paula Andrea Barreto Cifuentes

 

Abstract

Introduction

1.         Concept of the land border

2.         Border relationship between Colombia and Venezuela

2.1.     Location

2.2.     Historical evolution

2.2.1.  The Border Closure

2.3.     Characteristics and principal problems

2.3.1.  Human Rights situation in Colombian Venezuelan land border

2.3.2.  Smuggling and drug trafficking

2.3.3.  Vulnerability of rights in the border

2.3.4.  Effects of border closure

3.         International Law related to the border between Colombia and Venezuela

3.1.     Generalities of the Interamerican System of Human Rights

3.1.1.  Interamerican Commission of Human Rights

3.1.2.  Interamerican Court of Human Rights

3.2.     American Convention of Human Rights

3.3.     The acting of the Interamerican System of Human Rights in the intern law

4.         Border Integration Zones, a possible solution to the Colombian Venezuelan crisis

4.1.     Criteria for his identification and delimiting of the borders

4.2.     Their financing

4.3.     Advances in the establishment of the BIZ

4.4.     The borders and the strategic secession dominant problems

4.4.1.  Geographic ambit

4.4.2.  Economic ambit

4.4.3.  Conjunctural ambit

4.4.4.  Social ambit

4.4.5.  Cultural ambit

4.4.6.  Ecological ambit

4.4.7.  Military ambit

5.         Border relationship between Colombia and Venezuela in the Interamerican System of Human Rights

Conclusions

 

Chapter IX. The Injury of Sovereignty in Ecuador in The Management of the Debt Crisis: The Role of IMF

Dimitri Endrizzi

 

Abstract

Introduction

1.         On the concept of sovereignty

2.         The management of the debt crisis by the IMF: A reiterated injury of the Ecuadorian sovereignty

2.1.     The management of the debt crisis in Ecuador: Analysis of the evidence

Conclusions

 

References

Bibliography

National legislation

International legislation

National jurisprudence

International jurisprudence

National normative

International normative

Journalistic notes

Tables

Graphics

O autorze

Dimitri Endrizzi, Ph.D. in Political Studies from Universidad Externado de Colombia. Sociologist from Università degli Studi di Trento, Italy. Professor Endrizzi has been a researcher on migration issues at the History Museum in Trento, Italy, and professor of Research Methodology at Universidad Externado de Colombia, in Bogotá, a teacher in the Faculty of Law of Universidad Católica de Colombia as well as a researcher of the group Phronesis at the Faculty of Law of Universidad Católica de Colombia.

Jairo Becerra, Ph.D in Law and Political Science from Universidad de Barcelona. Lawyer and specialist in Political Science and International Law. Consultant, researcher of the research group in Public Law and ICT of the Law School at Universidad Católica de Colombia, and professor of Public Policy and Law in Information and Communication Technologies, International Law, and Aeronautical and Space Law. Member of the International Institute of Space Law - IISL and the Ibero-American Federation of Associations.

Eduardo Andrés Perafán Del Campo, Ph.D.(c) in Social Sciences - Dynamics and Changes in Space and Society of Globalization -from Universidad de Granada, Spain. Master’s in political and International Studies and Political Scientist from Universidad del Rosario, Colombia. Academic editor of Novum Jus Law Journal. Professor and researcher of the research group in Public Law and ICT of the Law School at Universidad Católica de Colombia. Analyst and consultant in public and international affairs.

Jaime Cubides Cárdenas, Lawyer and specialist in Public Law at Universidad Autónoma de Colombia, specialist and a Master’s degree in Teaching and research with an emphasis on the legal sciences of Universidad Sergio Arboleda and holds a Master’s Degree in Law from the same University. Ph.D. student in Law at the Universidad Católica de Colombia. Researcher, Associate professor, and leader of the Research Group Person, Institutions and Demands for Justice of Universidad Católica de Colombia.

Laura Cecilia Gamarra-Amaya, Attorney. LL.M in International Legal Studies from Georgetown University Law Center in Washington, D.C. Admitted to the New York Bar. Extensive litigation experience in the field of insurance defense in New York City. Professor of Public and Private International Law at Universidad Católica de Colombia and Executive Editor of Novum Jus Law Journal. Regional Organizer of the Latin American Round of the Manfred Lachs Space Law Moot Court.