Introduction 1. Tunisia and Europe: The Dialectics of Association and Reform from Khayr Al-Din to Bin Ali 2. Forging the Association: The Evolution of EU Democracy Promotion in the Mediterranean 3. Unfulfilled Reform: Implementing Democracy Promotion in Tunisia 4. Stability, Democracy, or Both? EU Indecision and Tunisian Inaction 5. The ‘Second Republic’ and Citizenship in Bin Ali’s Tunisia: Democracy versus Unity, 1987-2001 6. The ‘Republic of Tomorrow’: The Twin Quest for Association and Democratisation, 2002-2009. Conclusion