Development of Implantable Electronics as Novel Approaches to Obstructive Sleep Apnea

ISBN-13: 9789811583292 / Angielski / Miękka / 2021 / 96 str.

Jungmin Seo

Opis

This book addresses novel methods to treat a very popular disease, obstructive sleep apnea, based on a knowledge of an electrical engineering. Two approaches are given in the book using an upper-airway stimulation based on the pathogenesis of an obstructive sleep apnea. Implantable electronics are devised to control the tongue and the soft palate considering that they are the major pharyngeal muscles contributing to the apnea. First, for tongue control, a cuff electrode was designed and fabricated to stimulate the hypoglossal nerve, which innervates to the tongue muscle. Rare-earth magnets were embedded in the cuff for easy and repeatable installation of the electrode. For soft palate control, a palatal implant system was firstly developed to contract the soft palate muscle by applying electrical stimuli. Comprised of an implant, an intra-oral device, and an external controller, the palatal implant system is fully powered and controlled by means of wireless communication. The approaches were demonstrated in both in vitro and in vivo assessments, in collaboration with department of Otorhinolaryngology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital. 

Spis treści

Chapter 1. Introduction .-1.1 . Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) .-1.1.1. Pathogenesis of OSA .-1.1.2. Conventional Therapies .-1.1.2.1. Continuous Positive Airway Pressure.-1.1.2.2. Therapies of Tongue-related OSA.-1.1.2.3. Therapies of Palate-related OSA .-1.2. Electrical Stimulation for OSA treatment.-1.2.1. Neural and Neuromuscular Stimulation.-1.2.2. Hypoglossal Nerve Stimulation (HNS).-1.2.3. Soft Palate Stimulation (SPS).-1.3. Suggested Approaches.-1.3.1. Liquid Crystal Polymer (LCP).-1.3.2. Magnetic Cuff System for HNS.-1.3.3. Palatal Implant System for SPS.-1.4. Objectives of this Dissertation

 Chapter 2. Methods.-2.1. Magnetic Cuff System for HNS.-2.1.1. Overview.-2.1.2. Magnet-Embedded Nerve Cuff Electrode.-2.1.2.1. Electrode Design.- 2.1.2.2. Fabrication.-2.1.3. External Pulse Generator.-2.1.3.1. Circuit Description.- 2.1.3.2. Fabrication.-2.1.4. Evaluations.- 2.1.4.1. Electrochemical Measurements In Vitro.- 2.1.4.2. Animal Testing In Vivo.-2.2. Palatal Implant System for SPS.-2.2.1. Pilot Study In Vivo.-2.2.2. Overview.-2.2.3. Palatal Implant.-2.2.3.1. Circuit Description.-2.2.3.2. Fabrication.-2.2.3.2.1. Electrode Layers.-2.2.3.2.2. Antenna Coil and Circuit Layers.-2.2.3.2.3. Multi-layer Lamination.-2.2.3.2.4. Post-lamination Process.-2.2.4. Intra-Oral Device.-2.2.4.1. Circuit Description.-2.2.4.1.1. ZigBee Receiver.-2.2.4.1.2. Class-E Amplifier.2.2.4.1.3. ASK Modulation.-2.2.4.1.4. Power Management .-2.2.4.2. Fabrication.-2.2.5. Inductive Link.-2.2.5.1. Design of Coil Antennas.-2.2.5.2. FEM Simulation.-2.2.5.3. SPICE Simulation.-2.2.6. Evaluations.-2.2.6.1. Wireless Power Transmission.-2.2.6.2. Wireless Data Transmission.-2.2.6.3. Electrochemical Measurements In Vitro.- 2.2.6.4. Animal Testing In Vivo 

Chapter 3. Results.-3.1. Magnetic Cuff System for HNS.-3.1.1. Fabricated System.-3.1.2. Electrochemical Measurements In Vitro.-3.1.3. Animal Testing In Vivo.-3.2. Palatal Implant System for SPS .-3.2.1. Pilot Study In Vivo.-3.2.2. Fabricated System .-3.2.3. Wireless Power Transmission.-3.2.4. Wireless Data Transmissio.-3.2.5. Electrochemical Measurements In Vitro .-3.2.6. Animal Testing In Vivo 

  Chapter 4. Discussions.-4.1. Magnetic Cuff System for HNS.-4.1.1. Cuff-to-Nerve Diameter Ratio.-4.1.2. Magnetic Forces.-4.1.3. Stimulation Parameters.-4.1.4. Weight and Size.-4.1.5. Cost Effectiveness.-4.1.6. Extension to Multi-channels.-4.2. Palatal Implant System for SPS.-4.2.1. Reliability of Intra-Oral Device.-4.2.2. Palatoglossus Coupling.-4.2.3. Potential Developments.-4.2.3.1. Monolithic Packaging of Implant .-4.2.3.2. Integration of Sensors.-4.2.3.3. Application of Mandibular Advancement.-4.2.3.4. Improved ASIC Design for Palatal Implant.-4.2.3.4.1. Circuit Design.-4.2.3.4.2. Digital Protocol.-4.2.3.4.3. Circuit Implementation                    

Chapter 5. Conclusion 

References                         

             

                           

                          

             

                          

                           

           

              

                

                

                

                                         

             

 

                            

                            

                            

                          

 

 

O autorze

Dr. Jungmin Seo is an researcher at Samsung Electronics. He received his PhD from the Seoul National Univerisity in 2019.