Coring Operations: Procedures for Sampling and Analysis of Bottomhole and Sidewell Cores

ISBN-13: 9789401088633 / Angielski / Miękka / 2012 / 174 str.

Exlog/Whittaker

Opis

This coring operations reference handbook is intended as a practical guide for the logging geologist to procedures, activities, and responsibilities required when bottomhole or sidewall coring is performed at the wellsite. Not all of the operations described are common practice in all logging units; however, familiarity with them is a necessary part of general ex ploration knowledge and professionalism. Chapter 1 discusses the concepts of porosity, permeability, and saturation, how these properties are determined in core analysis, and their significance in controlling rest: rvoir performance. Chapter 2 deals with the various techniques used in coring. Chapter 3 ex plains the routine role of the logging geologist in core retrieval, sampling, and qualitative evaluation. Chapter 4 details operating procedures for quantitative wellsite core analysis equipment. 1 INTRODUCTION 1. 1 GENERAL 1. 2 QUANTITATIVE CORE ANALYSIS The primary purpose of coring is to obtain rock samples of a sufficient size to obtain estimates of critical reservoir properties.

Spis treści

1. Introduction.- General.- Quantitative Core Analysis.- Qualitative Core Eveluation.- The Role of the Logging Geologist.- Core Retrieval.- Core Sampling.- Core Description.- Core Packing and Shipping.- Core Analysis.- Reservoir Characteristics.- Porosity.- Permeability.- Saturation.- Reservoir Geology.- Distribution of Fluids.- Phase Relationships.- Core Characteristics.- Porosity.- Measurement.- Limitations.- Permeability.- Measurement.- Limitations.- Saturation.- Measurement.- Limitation.- 2. Coring Procedures.- General.- Bottomhole Coring.- Conventional Coring.- The Core Bit.- The Core Barrel.- The Outer Barrel.- The Inner Barrel.- Coring.- Retrievable Core Barrels.- Wireline.- Reverse Circulation.- Rubber Sleeve Core Barrel.- Oriented Core Barrel.- Pressure Core Barrel.- Core Ejector Bit.- Sidewall Coring.- Wireline Core Gun.- Wireline Core Slicer.- Rotary Sidewall Corer.- 3. Retrieval and Sampling of Cores.- General.- Conventional Cores.- Long-Term Planning.- Picking a Core Point.- Set-Up to Core.- Logging the Core.- Depth and Footage.- Low Weight-on-bit.- Gradual Changes in Weight-on-bit.- Lost core.- Rate of Penetration.- Gas Evaluation.- Oil Evaluation.- Cuttings Lithology.- Mud Tests.- Salinity.- Nitrate Ion.- Preparation for Core Retrieval.- Work Area.- Rig Floor.- Removing Core From the Barrel.- Retrieving the Core.- Boxing the Core.- Sampling for Core Analysis.- Sample Selection.- Sample Preservation.- Geological Evaluation.- Macroscopic Examination.- Microscopic Examination.- Hydrocarbon Evaluation.- Special Samples.- Core Slabbing.- Thin Sections.- Acetate Peels.- Shipping the Core.- Retrievable Barrel Cores.- Logging.- Sampling.- Rubber Sleeved Cores.- Logging.- Sampling.- Oriented Cores.- Pressured Cores.- Logging.- Recovery.- Ejector Cores.- Sidewall CST Cores.- Gun Set-Up.- Hole Size.- Formation Hardness.- Misfires and Lost Bullets.- Extraction.- Core Evaluation.- Recovery.- Lithology.- Hydrocarbons.- Core Analysis.- Logging.- Sidewall Core Slices.- Rotary Sidewall Cores.- 4. Core Analysis Methods.- Principles.- Porosity.- Permeability.- Saturation.- Retort Procedure.- Extraction Distillation Procedure.- Sample Preparation.- Saturation Sample.- Permeability Sample.- Porosity Sample.- Sample Extraction and Drying.- Solvent Extraction.- Drying.- Sealing the Permeability Sample in Wax.- Analytical Procedure.- Preparation.- Long-Term.- Short-Term.- Equipment Calibration.- Saturation Stills.- Porometer.- Mercury Level Check.- Air Removal.- Calibration.- Permeameter.- Solid Plug Calibration Test.- Flow comparison Test.- Core Analysis Test.- Optional Total Porosity Test.- Oil Gravity Tests.- Water Salinity Tests.- Core Analysis Calculations.- Effective Porosity.- Permeability.- Saturations.- Alternate Methods.- The Oil Correction.- The Pore Volume Calculation.- Total Porosity.- Presentation of Core Analysis Data.- Sidewall Core Analysis.- Core Description.- Core Analysis.- Sample Preparation.- Porosity and Permeability.- Saturation.- Care of the Core Analysis Kit.- Cleanup and Storage.- Tear out and Shipping.