Confrontation of Cosmological Theories with Observational Data

ISBN-13: 9789027704573 / Angielski / Miękka / 1974 / 393 str.

Malcolm S. Longair;International Astronomical Union

Opis

be hoped. We have improved measurements by at best a factor of 3. So thIS paper, unfortunately, IS really a status report rather than a progress report. There are, however, a few new results to mention. I shall present the results wIthout glVlng any detaIls of the experImental apparatus. In general, sources of error and problems in these measurements are not determined by the apparatus itself. The most important new result IS that of Paul Henry (1971), who employed a radiometer mounted on a rotatmg platform suspended beneath a balloon. Because he employed a rotatmg platform he was able to look for amsotropy over a WIde area area of the sky (about one-half of the northern hemIsphere), not Just a CIrcle of con- stant dechnatIOn. In a smgle mght, he was able to obtam enough data to establIsh a value for the component of the 'dIpole' anisotropy parallel to the spm aXIS of the Earth It IS LI T = (3. 2 +- 0 8) x 10-3 K in the direction (X = I Oh-ll hand () = - 30 . HIS results are conSIstent WIth the earher results of Conkhn (1969), but provIde the Im- portant addItIonal datum that the motion of the Earth with respect to the co-movmg coordinate system (and parallel to the spm aXIS of the Earth) IS small. MeanwhIle, Conklin refined and repeated hIS earher measurement and reduced the statIstical error. The results of his work are reported m the IAU Symp. 44 (1972).

Spis treści

I / The Contemporary Structure and Dynamics of the Universe.- Observational Foundations for Assumptions in Cosmology.- Intergalactic Gas.- Confrontation of Lemaître Models and the Cosmological Constant with Observations.- The Hubble Constant and the Deceleration Parameter.- Evidence for Non-Velocity Redshifts.- General Discussion and Short Contributions.- II / The Structure of the Universe.- Superclustering of Galaxies.- The Counts of Radio Sources.- Radio Source Counts at Centimetre Wavelengths.- Observational Foundations of Inhomogeneous Universe.- Field Galaxies and Cluster Galaxies: Abundances of Morphological Types and Corresponding Luminosity Functions.- III / Relic Radiation.- Energy Density of the Relic Radiation.- Large Scale Anisotropy of the Cosmic Microwave Background.- Fine Scale Anisotropy of the Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation.- The Thermal History of the Universe and the Spectrum of Relic Radiation.- The Spectrum of Density Perturbations in an Expanding Universe.- Cosmological Synthesis of the Elements.- IV / The Origin of Structure in the Expanding Universe.- The Formation of Galaxies in Friedmannian Universes.- Whirl Theory of the Origin of Galaxies and Clusters of Galaxies.- Generation of Sound from Primordial Cosmic Turbulence.- General Discussion and Short Contributions.- V / The Structure of Singularities.- General Solutions of the Equations of General Relativity near Singularities.- Singularities in Cosmology.- Isotropization of Homogeneous Cosmological Models.- The Anisotropy of the Universe at Large Times.- General Discussion and Short Contribution.- Large Number Coincidences and the Anthropic Principle in Cosmology.- Low Frequency Gravitational Waves in Cosmology.- VI / Matter-Antimatter Universes and Physical Processes Near the Singularity.- Quantum Descriptions of Singularities Leading to Pair Creation.- Creation of Particles in Cosmology.- Baryon Symmetric Big Bang Cosmology.- The Low Density Symmetric Cosmology.- Confrontation of Antimatter Cosmologies with Observational Data.- Short Contribution.- Concluding Remarks by M. J. Rees.- Vote of Thanks to Organisers by G. B. Field.- Index of Authors.- Index of Subjects.