Authigenic Minerals in Sedimentary Rocks

ISBN-13: 9781468406542 / Angielski / Miękka / 2012 / 120 str.

G. I. Teodorovich; G. I. Teodorovich

Opis

The present work. Authigenic Minerals in Sedimentary Rocks, is designed for the broad circle of lithologists, and also for the geologists and geochemists who are studying sedimentary rocks and ores. Its specific purpose is to stir up interest among lithologists and geologists in the geochemical environment associated with the formation of authigenic minerals in sedimentary rocks, to encourage work in tracing the sequence of formation of these min erals, and to direct attention to other genetic problems. The book by no means pretends to be a determinative atlas of the authigenic minerals in sedimentary rocks; its task is to draw the reader's attention to questions of origin and, at the same time, to equip him with systematic knowledge about the physical and, especially, the optical properties of these minerals. In addition, the simplified chemical reactions indicated in the book wiIl permit one to distinguish similar minerals, and will also allow him to detect various mineral deposits in the field. Another purpose of the book is to acquaint chemists and geochemists with the properties of the minerals they study in making chemical analyses, minerals that com monly occur as polymineralic aggregates in the samples that are examined."

Spis treści

I. Authigenic minerals as indicators of the physicochemical environment.- II. Principal phases and stages in the formation of sedimentary deposits.- A. Syngenesis and epigenesis. Sedimentation, diagenesis, katagenesis, and hypergenesis. Incipient metamorphism.- B. Special features of diagenesis and the lower boundary of this zone.- III. Authigenic, principally syngenetic minerals in sedimentary rocks, their characteristics, conditions of formation, and classification.- 1. Silica group.- Opal.- Chalcedony.- Quartz.- 2. Carbonate group.- Anhydrous carbonates. ..- Calcite subgroup.- Calcite.- Dolomite.- Ankerite.- Magnesite.- Siderite.- Siderite-magnesite isomorphous series.- Rhodochrosite.- Rhodochrosite-calcite isomorphous series.- Siderite-rhodochrosite isomorphous series.- Aragonite subgroup.- Aragonite.- Ktypeite.- Vaterite.- Strontianite.- Witherite.- Cerussite.- Basic carbonates.- Malachite.- Azurite.- Hydrous carbonates and basic hydrous carbonates.- Natron.- Nesquehonite.- Hydromagnesite.- 3. Sedimentary silicate group.- Iron silicates.- Potassium-bearing iron silicates.- Glauconite.- Non-potassium iron silicates.- Iron chlorites.- a) Ferrous leptochlorites.- Chamosite.- b) Predominantly ferrous leptochlorites.- Bavalite.- Thuringite.- Greenaiite.- c) Ferrous-ferric leptochlorites.- Strigovite.- Cronstedtite.- Griffithite.- d) Chiefly ferric leptochlorites.- Iron-Magnesium chlorites.- Pennine.- Clinochlore.- Prochlorite.- “Clay group” silicates.- Allophane minerals.- Kaolinite and Halloyslte group.- Kaolinite subgroup.- Kaolinite.- Dickite..- Nacrite.- Anauxite.- Pholerite.- Halloysite subgroup.- Halloysite.- Metahalloysite.- Ferrihalloysite.- Monothermite group.- Monothermite.- Leverrierite.- Hydromica group.- White hydromica.- Hydromuscovite.- Illite.- Hydrobiotite.- Vermiculite.- Montmorillonite group.- Beidellite.- Montmorillonite.- “Clay group” magnesian silicates.- Palygorskite.- Sepiolite.- Calcium and sodium hydrous aluminosilicates.- Zeolites.- Zeolites of sedimentary origin.- Heulandite and phillipsite subgroup.- Mordenite.- Phillipsite.- Desmine.- Heulandite.- Chabazite subgroup.- Laumontite.- Chabazite.- Natrolite subgroup.- Natrolite.- Analcime.- Authigenic feldspars in sedimentary rocks.- Plagioclases.- Albite.- Oligoclase.- Andesine.- Labradorite.- Bytownite.- Anorthite.- Potassium-sodium feldspars.- Orthoclase.- Microcline.- Anorthoclase.- Sedimentary silicates of copper.- Chrysocolla.- 4. Oxide and Hydroxide Group.- Authigenic sedimentary titanium oxides.- Illmenite.- Rutile.- Anatase.- Brookite.- Aluminum hydroxides.- Alpha kliachite (sporogelite).- Diaspore.- Boehmite.- Hydrargillite.- Magnesium oxides and hydroxides.- Brucite.- Iron oxides and hydroxides.- Magnetite.- Hematite.- Hydrohematite.- Goethite.- Hydrogoethite.- Turite.- Lepidocrocite.- Manganese oxides and hydroxides.- Braunite.- Hausmannite.- Pyrolusite.- Manganite.- Vernadite.- Psilomelane.- Wad.- Rancieite.- Copper oxides.- Cuprite.- Tenorite.- 5. Sulfide group.- Iron sulfides.- Hydrotroilite.- Melnikovite.- Pyrite.- Marcasite.- Pyrrhotite.- Copper sulfides.- Chalcopyrite.- Bornit.- Chalcocite.- Covellite.- Manganese, lead, and zinc sulfides.- Alabandite.- Hauerite.- Galena.- Sphalerite.- 6. Phosphate group.- Calcium phosphates.- Fluorapatite.- Hydroxyapatite.- Francolite.- Collophane.- Kurskite.- Carbonate-Apatite.- Iron phosphates.- Vivianite.- Kerchenite.- Oxykerchenite.- Bosphorite.- Beraunite.- Borickite.- 7. Sulfate and Fluoride group gg.- Alunite.- Jarosite.- Coquimbite.- Copiapite.- Melanterite.- Chalcanthite.- Barite.- Celestite.- Fluorite.- 8. Soluble salt group (lacustrine and lagoonal salts).- Gypsum.- Anhydrite.- Halite.- Sylvite.- Carnallite.- Kainite.- Polyhalite.- Glauberite.- Kieserite.- Epsomite.- Mirabilite.- Thenardite.- Nitratine.- 9. Native element group.- Native sulfur.- Native copper.- Native iron.- IV. Basic concepts of colloidal chemistry in relation to mineral formation.- V. Colloidal and metacolloidal sedimentary minerals and their origin.- Summary.- Literature Cited.