Advances in Nuclear Physics: Volume 13

ISBN-13: 9781461398943 / Angielski / Miękka / 2012 / 322 str.

John Negele

Opis

The reviews in this volume address advances in three important but diverse areas of nuc1ear physics. Within nuc1ear physics it would be hard to provide a wider range of subject matter, style, or treatment. The first artic1e, on quark bags, is a pedagogic artic1e intended to make accessible to the nuc1ear physics community important new ideas from partic1e physics. The second, on interacting boson models, reviews a very interesting and controversial new approach to some of the central problems of nuc1ear spectroscopy. The third, on relativistic heavy-ion physics, is a guide to the extensive literature on a new subject which has been fuH of great expectations, puz zling data, and speculative ideas. In the past decade, partic1e theorists' understanding of the structure of hadrons has undergone a revolution strikingly similar to that brought about in nuc1ear physics by the introduction of the Iluc1ear sheH model. Like the sheH model, the bag model of hadrons phenomenologically specifies an interior region in which constituents are confined and described by single-partic1e wave functions that are only weakly perturbed by residual interactions.

Spis treści

1 Chiral Symmetry and the BAG Model: A New Starting Point for Nuclear Physics.- 1. Introduction.- 2. The Basic Bag Model.- 2.1. The MIT Bag Model.- 2.2. The Spectroscopy of Low-Lying States.- 2.3. Attempts to Derive a Bag Model.- 2.4. Relationship to Nonrelativistic Quark Models.- 3. Hadronic Properties in the MIT Bag Model.- 3.1. Charge Radii.- 3.2. Magnetic Moments.- 3.3. The Axial Current.- 3.4. Center of Mass Corrections.- 4. Chiral Symmetry.- 4.1. Lagrangian Formulation of the MIT Bag Model.- 4.2. Conserved Currents in Lagrangian Field Theory.- 4.3. The Axial Current.- 4.4. The ?-Model and Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking.- 5. Bag Models with Chiral Symmetry.- 5.1. Motivation.- 5.2. Chodos and Thorn.- 5.3. Further Developments.- 5.4. The Cloudy Bag Model.- 6. Applications of the Cloudy Bag Model.- 6.1. A Hamiltonian for Low-and Medium-Energy Physics.- 6.2. The Nucleon.- 6.3. Pion-Nucleon Scattering.- 6.4. Magnetic Moments of the Nucleon Octet.- 6.5. Summary.- 7. Towards a New View of Nuclear Physics.- 7.1. The Nucleon-Nucleon Force.- 7.2. Symmetry Breaking as a Clue.- 7.3. The Nuclear Many-Body Problem.- 8. Conclusion.- Acknowledgements.- Appendix I.- References.- 2 The Interacting Boson Model.- 1. Introduction.- 2. The Interacting Boson Model-1.- 2.1. The Model.- 2.2. Analytic Solutions.- 2.3. Transitional Classes.- 2.4. Extensions of the Model.- 3. Geometric Properties of the Interacting Boson Model-1.- 3.1. Coherent States.- 3.2. Transitional Classes and Shape-Phase Transitions.- 4. The Interacting Boson Model-2.- 4.1. The Model.- 4.2. Energy Levels.- 4.3. Electromagnetic Transition Rates.- 4.4. Other Properties.- 4.5. Extensions of the Model.- 5. Microscopic Description of Interacting Bosons.- 5.1. Generalized Seniority.- 5.2. The Single j-Shell.- 5.3. Several j-Shells.- 5.4. The Ginocchio Model.- 6. Conclusions.- Acknowledgements.- References.- 3 High-Energy Nuclear Collisions.- 1. Introduction.- 1.1. Motivation.- 1.2. High-Energy Heavy-Ion Accelerators in the World.- 1.3. The High-Density-Temperature Nuclear Domain.- 1.4. The Experimental View.- 2. Theoretical Tools.- 2.1. Quantal and Classical Aspects.- 2.2. Classical Tools.- 2.3. Statistical Models.- 2.4. Hydrodynamics.- 2.5. Intranuclear Cascade.- 2.6. Nonequilibrium Quantum Scattering.- 3. Elements of the Reaction Mechanism.- 3.1. Collision Geometry.- 3.2. Evidence for Multiple Collisions.- 3.3. Inclusive Proton Spectra.- 3.4. Composite Formation.- 3.5. Pion Production.- 3.6. Strange-Particle Production.- 3.7. Coulomb Final-State Interactions.- 3.8. Forward and Backward Spectra.- 3.9. Spectator Physics.- 4. Toward the Physics of Dense Nuclear Matter.- 4.1. Do Nuclei Flow?.- 4.2. Entropy Puzzle.- 4.3. Novel States of Nuclei.- 5. Summary and Outlook.- Acknowledgments.- Appendix: Definition of Common Variables.- References.